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Themes: Income Security

Economic Vulnerability and Ethnicity in Canada’s Metropolitan Workforce: An Exploratory Analysis of Census Classifications

Author(s): Fernando Mata
Date: March, 2010
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

Using data drawn from 2006 Census classifications, this paper addresses questions related to the economic vulnerability of workforce members aged 25-54 from ethnic groups residing in the 15 major metropolitan areas of Canada. Using multivariate analysis techniques such as latent class and principal components analysis, it pays special attention to the interrelationships that exist between various indicators of vulnerability comprising labour market, employment, income and poverty-related attributes. The paper identifies the main dimensions of economic vulnerability, lists the most vulnerable groups in the various metropolitan areas, examines gender differentials as well as pinpoints the most important predictors of vulnerability.

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The Economic Integration of Immigrants in Metro Vancouver

Author(s): Daniel Hiebert
Date: September, 2009
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What is the extent of labour market participation, the level of employment earnings, and the utilization of social assistance among immigrants to the Metro Vancouver area? How do these figures vary among immigrants who come from different parts of the world and through different admission categories?

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Deskilling across the Generations: Reunification among Transnational Filipino Families in Vancouver

Author(s): Geraldine Pratt, Philippine Women Centre of BC, Ugnayan ng Kabataang Pilipino sa Canada
Date: September, 2008
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What are the long-term effects of the Live-in Caregiver Program (LCP) among Filipino families who immigrate to Canada after the terms of this temporary worker program have been met?

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Immigrant residential geographies and the “spatial assimilation” debate in Canada, 1997–2006

Author(s): Pablo Mendez
Date: September, 2008
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

The paper critically reviews literature published between 1997 and 2006 on immigrant residential geographies in Canada, to assess recent contributions to our understanding of the dynamic relationship between socio-economic attainment and the residential location of immigrants.

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Settling In: Newcomers in the Canadian Housing Market, 2001–2005

Author(s): Daniel Hiebert and Pablo Mendez
Date: August, 2008
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

The Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada is used to investigate the participation of immigrants in Canada’s housing market in the first four years of the settlement process. The analysis focuses on the changing rate of home ownership, crowding, affordability, and problems accessing housing. Special attention is given to differences between landing classes and population groups (especially Visible Minority groups). We also consider the impact of immigrants on the housing markets of Montréal, Toronto, and Vancouver.

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The Housing Situation and Needs of Recent Immigrants in the Vancouver Metropolitan Area

Author(s): Daniel Hiebert, Pablo Mendez, and Elvin Wyly
Date: January, 2008
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

Census data are brought together with the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada to investigate several issues: the type and quality of housing associated with immigrants in metropolitan Vancouver; the affordability of housing for immigrants; and the impact of immigrants on the housing market.

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Multiculturalism “On the Ground”: The Social Geography of Immigrant and Visible Minority Populations in Montreal, Toronto, and Vancouver, Projected to 2017

Author(s): Daniel Hiebert, Nadine Schuurman, and Heather Smith
Date: April, 2007
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

To what degree are newcomers and members of visible minority groups ghettoized in Canadian cities? More precisely, is there a correspondence between the landscapes of immigrant/visible minority groups and areas of poverty in Canadian metropolitan areas? Is the tendency for residential clustering increasing or diminishing? What can we expect to see in the near future?

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Social Relations and Remittances: Evidence from Canadian Micro Data

Author(s): Don J. DeVoretz and Florin Vadean
Date: December, 2006
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

Are remittances to relatives and friends (payments sent by immigrant workers to their home countries) a part of normal life for immigrants? What difference in remittance behaviour is there between different population groups? What are the different motivations to remit?

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Locating Spatially Concentrated Risk of Homelessness amongst Recent Immigrants in Greater Vancouver: A GIS-based Approach

Author(s): Rob Fiedler, Jennifer Hyndman and Nadine Schuurman
Date: July, 2006
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

Where do areas of poverty, deprivation and housing need intersect with a high recent immigrant presence? How can qualitative analysis improve on what we already know from census data and mapping?

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Assimilation via Prices or Quantities? Sources of Immigrant Earnings Growth in Australia, Canada and the United States

Author(s): Heather Antecol, Peter Kuhn and Stephen J. Trejo
Date: December, 2005
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What difference does location play in immigrant earnings assimilation? How does location affect employment assimilation?

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Glass Ceilings for Ethnic Minorities

Author(s): Krishna Pendakur and Ravi Pendakur
Date: December, 2005
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

Do Canadian-born ethnic minorities experience a ‘glass ceiling’? How do these experiences differ between ethnic groups?

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Migration and the Demographic Transformation of Canadian Cities: The Social Geography of Canada’s Major Metropolitan Centres in 2017

Author(s): Daniel Hiebert
Date: June, 2005
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What will be the immigrant and visible minority composition of Canada’s three largest metropolitan areas in 2017? What problems could arise? How might policy deal with these issues?

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Visible Minorities and Aboriginals in Vancouver’s Labour Market

Author(s): Krishna Pendakur
Date: May, 2005
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

Has the increase in visible minority and Aboriginal populations in Vancouver produced a more equitable labour market for these groups?

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Self-Selection, Immigrant Public Finance Performance and Canadian Citizenship

Author(s): Don J. DeVoretz and Sergiy Pivnenko
Date: January, 2005
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What influences an immigrant to decide to acquire Canadian citizenship? What are the implications of citizenship for paying taxes and receiving government payments?

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The Evolving Relationship between Immigrant Settlement and Neighbourhood Disadvantage in Canadian Cities, 1991-2001

Author(s): Heather A. Smith
Date: October, 2004
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What is the relationship between concentrated urban disadvantage and concentrated immigrant settlement?

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Colour My World: Has the Majority-Minority Earnings Gap Changed Over Time?

Author(s): Krishna Pendakur and Ravi Pendakur
Date: May, 2004
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

Has the gap between majority and minority earnings changed over time?

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The Economic Experiences of Refugees in Canada

Author(s): Don DeVoretz, Sergiy Pivnenko and Morton Beiser
Date: May, 2004
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What are the economic experiences of refugees in Canada?

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The Recent Economic Performance of Ukrainian Immigrants in Canada and the U.S.

Author(s): Sergiy Pivnenko and Don J. DeVoretz
Date: October, 2003
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What is the influence of foreign-birth status and ethnicity on the earnings performance of Ukrainians in Canada? What explains the differential earnings performance of Ukrainian immigrants across North America?

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Who’s Cooking? The Changing Ethnic Division of Labour in Canada, 1971-1996

Author(s): Daniel Hiebert and Ravi Pendakur
Date: March, 2003
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

How has the ethnic division of labour changed in Canada between 1971 and 1996?

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Immigrants’ Earnings and Assimilation in Canada’s Labour Market: The Case of Overachievers

Author(s): Handy Gozalie
Date: April, 2002
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What is the economic performance of immigrants from developed countries in Canada’s labour market? Do immigrants who come from traditional sending countries show ‘overachiever’ characteristics?

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Canadian Immigration and the Selection-Settlement Services Trade-off: Exploring Immigrant Economic Participation in British Columbia

Author(s): Daniel Hiebert
Date: February, 2002
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

Are economic immigrants the best prepared to enter the Canadian labour market?

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Immigrants and the Demand for Shelter

Author(s): Galina Didukh
Date: January, 2002
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What are the homeownership rates and housing expenditures of Canadian and immigrant households?

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Social Security and Migration with Endogenous Skill Upgrading

Author(s): Alessandra Casarico and Carlo Devillanova
Date: November, 2000
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What are the relationships between migration and social security?

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The Complimentarity of Language and Other Human Capital: Immigrant Earnings in Canada

Author(s): Barry Chiswick and Paul W. Miller
Date: July, 2000
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What are the effects of language practice on the earnings of adult male immigrants in Canada?

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Immigrants and Public Finance Transfers: Vancouver, Toronto and Montréal

Author(s): Don DeVoretz and Yunus Ozsomer
Date: February, 1999
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

How to the public finance contributions of Canada’s immigrants vary across the country’s three biggest cities?

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Immigrant Earnings: Age at Immigration Matters

Author(s): Joseph Schaafsma and Arthur Sweetman
Date: January, 1999
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What is the relationship between age at immigration and earnings?

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The Double-Negative Effect on the Earnings of Foreign-Born Females in Canada

Author(s): Abul F.M. Shamsuddin
Date: June, 1997
Source: Metropolis BC

Research Question:

What is the ‘double-negative’ effect (the effect of both gender and birthplace) on the earnings of foreign-born married women in Canada? How is the effect on the local economy?

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